Which sign most closely indicates extracellular fluid volume deficit?

Which sign most closely indicates extracellular fluid volume deficit?

• A. Dryness of mucous membranes
• B. Distended neck veins
• C. Edema
• D. Hypertension

Answer: (A)

In extracellular fluid volume deficit, the body loses fluids and cannot keep tissues adequately hydrated, so mucous membranes become dry. This dryness is a direct reflection of reduced body water and is a classic sign of dehydration and hypovolemia. In contrast, distended neck veins point to fluid overload or venous congestion, edema indicates excess fluid in the interstitial spaces, and hypertension suggests elevated vascular pressure—none of which align with a deficit. Therefore, dryness of mucous membranes most closely indicates extracellular fluid volume deficit.

In extracellular fluid volume deficit, the body loses fluids and cannot keep tissues adequately hydrated, so mucous membranes become dry. This dryness is a direct reflection of reduced body water and is a classic sign of dehydration and hypovolemia. In contrast, distended neck veins point to fluid overload or venous congestion, edema indicates excess fluid in the interstitial spaces, and hypertension suggests elevated vascular pressure—none of which align with a deficit. Therefore, dryness of mucous membranes most closely indicates extracellular fluid volume deficit.